Study of the Bioaccumulation of trace metals by the Main Small Pelagic Species Along the Algerian
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Date
2025-06-30
Authors
Sid Ali Zohra
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Abstract
The bioaccumulation of trace metals in marine organisms poses a growing concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and ability to biomagnify along food chains.This research investigates the bioaccumulation of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) in six economically and ecologically important small pelagic fish species (Sardina pilchardus, Sardinella aurita, Boops boops, Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus trachurus, and T. mediterraneus) along the Algerian coastline. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), 20 gill and muscle samples were analyzed to determine interspecific, biochemical, and spatial patterns of
contamination. The findings show substantial variability in trace metal accumulation across species and sampling sites. Sardinella aurita exhibited the highest gill concentrations, while Boops boops and Sardina pilchardus showed generally lower levels. Elevated cadmium and lead values were particularly noted in samples from Skikda and Arzew, exceeding WHO safety thresholds. Zinc concentrations were moderately elevated in eastern coastal samples, suggesting chronic exposure, while copper remained within safe and regulated ranges. Biochemical analysis highlighted T. mediterraneus for its high protein and carbohydrate content, confirming its nutritional value. T. trachurus displayed high lipid content, notably in Béjaïa and Annaba, while Boops boops showed the lowest reserves. These patterns reflect species-specific physiology and regional ecosystem dynamics. Risk indices, including Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Consumption Rate Limits (CRL), indicate potential chronic exposure to zinc and copper, especially among vulnerable populations such as children. Although average levels remain within acceptable limits for adults, localized contamination poses a long-term health concern. The study emphasizes the ecological value of small pelagic fish as bioindicators of marine pollution and underscores the urgent need for continuous environmental monitoring. Enhanced regulatory frameworks are essential to ensure food safety and protect coastal communities from toxic metal exposure.